How we calculate this
Every figure comes from the official record. Here is exactly how.
What counts as a rebellion
For each division we work out how each party’s MPs voted. An MP is counted as a rebel if they voted aye or no against the majority of their own party’s voting MPs. Parties with fewer than two voting MPs, or an even split, are skipped. Not voting or abstaining is not counted as rebelling.
Loyalty score
An MP’s loyalty score is the share of whipped votes they cast with their party’s majority, over the past 12 months. The party average is calculated the same way across all of the party’s MPs.
Free votes
On some votes, parties do not tell their MPs how to vote. When more than 15% of voting MPs would count as rebels, we treat the division as a probable free vote and leave it out of every rebellion and loyalty figure. The rule is a simple threshold, so it can be wrong in either direction.
Government and opposition
Government rebels are rebels from the governing party. All other parties are grouped as opposition. The same method applies to every party.
Which MPs are listed
MPs who have voted in the last 90 days. Party and constituency are taken from each MP’s most recent vote.
Topics
Topic tags are assigned by matching words in the division title. They are approximate and many divisions have no topic.
Sources, licence and updates
Data comes from the Commons Votes API and Members API, used under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0. Every chart shows its source and when it was last updated. The site rebuilds nightly; if automatic checks fail, it keeps the previous data.
Government finances
Spending comes from the Treasury’s Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses (total managed expenditure, grouped by what it is spent on). Taxes come from HMRC’s annual receipts table. Borrowing is the Office for National Statistics’ net borrowing figure. Money collected is spending minus borrowing, so it also includes council tax, business rates and other income that HMRC does not collect. We group the smaller spending categories into “Everything else”. Per-person figures divide by the UK population; share of the economy uses GDP worked out from the Treasury’s own percentages.
Lords, committees, petitions, interests and questions
Lords votes show totals for each party or group, never individual peers ranked against each other. Committee details come from the Committees API, petitions from Parliament’s petitions site, declared interests from the Register of Members’ Financial Interests (shown exactly as the MP registered them) and written questions from the Written Questions API. We describe what the record shows and never why.
Election results and area figures
Election results come from the House of Commons Library via the Members API. Pay is the median weekly gross pay of full-time workers who live in the area (Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings), and unemployment-related benefit claims are the claimant count as a share of people aged 16 to 64. Both are from the Office for National Statistics and matched to constituencies by name.
NHS waiting times
From NHS England’s monthly Referral to Treatment statistics: people in England who have been referred for hospital treatment that has not started yet, and how long they have waited. England-wide history and the split by NHS area (Integrated Care Board) come from two NHS England files. NHS areas do not match constituencies. The green squares on the chart mark days Parliament voted on a health topic and are for context only.
Ministers’ meetings
Each government department publishes lists of ministers’ meetings with outside organisations every three months. We read the CSV files from GOV.UK, join them, and leave out rows whose dates are clearly wrong. Formats vary, so some departments or files may be missing. A listed meeting says that two sides met, not what was agreed.
MP expenses
From IPSA’s “individual business costs” data: the money paid on each MP’s claims in a financial year, by type (office costs, staffing, accommodation, miscellaneous). It is not the full cost of an MP’s office, and it is not updated automatically because IPSA asks automated tools not to download its files.
Bills
Each bill is placed on a seven-step line using the stages Parliament has recorded. A stage only counts once it has a sitting date in the past. Commons votes are linked to a bill by matching its name.
Your postcode
Sent from your browser to Parliament’s Members API to find your MP. This site has no server of its own and does not store postcodes.
Over time (long series)
The Over time page uses long official series: typical full-time pay (ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, via Nomis, yearly, from 2002), people claiming unemployment-related benefits (ONS and DWP claimant count, monthly), price inflation and the consumer prices index (ONS), national debt as a share of the economy (ONS public sector finances), and the money series from the Treasury. Fetched nightly. The change shown on each card is the difference between the first and last point in the range you choose, not a trend line. ‘Pay in today’s prices’ scales each year’s pay by the ratio of the latest full-year average of the consumer prices index to that year’s average.
Who lives here (Census 2021)
Population by age, tenure (who owns or rents their home) and highest qualification, from the ONS 2021 Census, for the 2024 Westminster constituencies in England and Wales, published by the UK Data Service. Shares are calculated by us from the published counts: for example, adults with a degree or higher is level 4 qualifications or above as a share of people aged 16 and over. The comparison is with England and Wales as a whole. Scotland and Northern Ireland have separate censuses and are not included yet. The Census was taken on 21 March 2021.
Area comparison and ‘areas like yours’
Each area is ranked among all areas that have figures. ‘Areas like yours’ are the three areas whose pay and claimant rate are closest to yours, measured after scaling each by how much areas usually differ. It uses no political or geographic information.
Tools and calculators
The tax calculator uses published 2025-26 income tax and National Insurance rates for England, Wales and Northern Ireland and assumes one job and no other income. Spending shares are each function’s share of total managed expenditure. Spending per person divides total spending by the ONS population estimate. ‘What was my money worth’ uses annual averages of the Consumer Prices Index. All tools run in your browser; nothing you type is sent to us.
Coming up (release calendar)
Dates come from the GOV.UK statistics release calendar for the Office for National Statistics, HM Treasury, HMRC, the Department for Work and Pensions, and several other departments, plus petition debates scheduled by Parliament. We list only releases relevant to the figures on this site. Dates can move.